91 articles - From Saturday Mar 05 2022 to Friday Mar 11 2022
Guidelines, position statements, white papers, technical reviews, consensus statements, etc…
meta-analyses and systematic reviews
| Aliment Pharmacol Ther |
| Neurogastroenterol Motil |
Anal sphincter fatigability in assessing anal incontinence: A systematic review. Sphincter fatigability, measured by the Fatigability Rate Index, has good discriminating power for anal incontinence. A standardized protocol needs to be followed by future researchers. Graphical Abstract The analysis used six studies with 413 patients to compare Fatigue Rate Index between patients with AI and controls. All studies reported a lower FRI in patients with incontinence and the FRI was significantly lower in patients with AI (standardized mean difference [SMD] 1.636, p= 0.001). Conflicting results were reported on the correlation between FRI and AI symptom scores. |
RCT, clinical trials, retrospective studies, etc…
| Aliment Pharmacol Ther |
A novel phenotype-based drug-induced liver injury causality assessment tool (DILI-CAT) allows for signal confirmation in early drug development. DILI-CAT, a clinically intuitive, data-driven, computer-assisted scoring algorithm, is a useful tool for early detection of drug's hepatotoxicity in clinical drug development. |
Assessment of the role of the Edinburgh dysphagia score in referral triage in a national service evaluation of the urgent suspected upper gastrointestinal cancer pathway. In a national cohort, the EDS has high sensitivity and NPV as a triage tool for UGI cancer. The CDS offers even higher diagnostic accuracy. The EDS or CDS should be incorporated into the urgent suspected UGI cancer pathway. |
Schizophrenia and risk of new-onset inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide longitudinal study. This population-based cohort study demonstrates a significant association between schizophrenia and subsequent IBD development. Patients with schizophrenia develop IBD at a younger age, and the risk increases with inadequately controlled schizophrenia. Physician vigilance and awareness of this correlation will improve IBD diagnosis and management among this vulnerable patient population. |
| Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol |
Corticosteroids and 5-ASA versus corticosteroids for acute severe ulcerative colitis: A randomized controlled trial. In this randomized controlled trial, combination 5ASA with corticosteroids did not benefit hospitalized patients with ASUC more than corticosteroids alone. An exploratory signal for a reduced need for biologics at 90 days in the 5ASA group merits further evaluation. gov ID: NCT01941589. |
Earlier Anti-TNF Initiation Leads to Long Term Lower Health Care Utilization in Crohn's Disease but Not in Ulcerative Colitis. Earlier administration of anti-TNF therapy is associated with reduced downstream health care resource utilization in CD, though these impacts are not evident in UC. |
Optimized Surveillance Intervals Following Endoscopic Eradication of Dysplastic Barrett's Esophagus: An International Cohort Study. Lengthening post CE-IM surveillance intervals would reduce endoscopic burden after CE-IM with comparable rates of recurrent HGD/IMCa. Future guidelines should consider reduced surveillance frequency. |
| Endoscopy |
Microbiology of Bile Aspirates Obtained at ERCP in Patients with Suspected Acute Cholangitis. The vast majority (91.8%) of bile cultures were positive. The susceptibility of E. coli and K. pneumoniae to ciprofloxacin are lower than historically noted. A notable portion of cultures contained pathogenic, drug-resistant organisms. Prior BES is associated with higher frequency of certain organisms and higher frequency of VRE. |
Relevance of polyp size for primary endoscopic full-thickness resection (eFTR) of suspected T1CRCs. Results In total 136 patients underwent an eFTR for a suspected T1CRC (median size 15 mm, IQR 13-18 mm; 83.1% cancer). Technical success and R0 rates were 87.5% (119/136, 95% CI 80.9-92.1%) and 79.7% (106/136, 95% CI 72.1-85.7%) respectively. Increasing polyp size was significantly associated with R1/x resection (RR 2.35 per 5 mm increase, 95% CI 1.80-3.07, p 20 mm polyps results in a high R1 rate and should not be recommended. |
| Gastroenterology |
IRAK4 signaling drives resistance to checkpoint immunotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Single cell RNAseq showed myeloid and fibroblast reprograming towards acute inflammatory responses following IRAK4 inhibition. These changes set the stage for successful combination of IRAK4 inhibitors with checkpoint immunotherapy, resulting in excellent tumor control and markedly prolonged survival of KPC mice. IRAK4 drives T cell dysfunction in PDAC and is a novel, promising immunotherapeutic target. |
| Gastrointest Endosc |
A New Scoring System to Distinguish Deep Invasive Submucosal (T1) and Muscularis Propria (T2) Colorectal Cancer during Colonoscopy: A Development and Global Multicenter External Validation Study (e-T2 Score). Multivariate analysis identified the following 5 independent predictive endoscopic findings of T2 CRC: deep depression (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.07-4.04), demarcated depressed area (4.40, 1.39-13.9), 4-fold convergency or more (3.41, 1.90-6.11), erosion or white plaque (8.28, 2.77-24.7), and Borrmann type 2 or 3 tumor (8.76, 3.58-21.5). The area under the curve in the receiver-operating characteristics were 0.90 (95%CI: 0.87-0.93) in development cohort, 0.80 (0.76-0.85) in internal validation, and 0.76 (0.69-0.83) in external validation, respectively. We established and validated a new scoring system to differentiate T1b and T2 CRC using 5 simple endoscopic findings. |
Efficacy and safety comparison of scissor-type knives with needle-type knives for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: A post-hoc propensity score matched analysis (with videos). Scissor-type knives are safer for colorectal ESD. However, they are associated with slower resection speeds compared with needle-type knives. |
| Gut |
A novel unconventional T cell population enriched in Crohn's disease. We identified and characterised a subpopulation of unconventional Crohn-associated invariant T (CAIT) cells. Multiple evidence suggests these cells to be part of the NKT type II population. The potential implications of this population for CD or a subset thereof remain to be elucidated, and the immunophenotype and antigen reactivity of CAIT cells need further investigations in future studies. |
Oncological outcomes after piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps with covert submucosal invasive cancer. The majority of cases of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps with covert SMIC following pEMR will have no residual malignancy. The risk of residual malignancy can be ascertained from three key variables PD, LVI and R1 deep margin. |
| Hepatology |
A hierarchical regulatory network ensures stable albumin transcription under various pathophysiological conditions. A hierarchical regulatory network formed by master and pioneer transcription factors ensures essential albumin expression in various pathophysiological conditions. |
Concurrent large spontaneous portosystemic shunt embolization for the prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: A randomized controlled trial. In patients with cirrhosis treated with TIPS for variceal bleeding, concurrent large SPSS embolization reduced the risk for overt HE without increasing other complications. Concurrent large SPSS embolization should therefore be considered for prophylaxis of post-TIPS HE. |
Emerging Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Guide for Hepatologists. The tumor immune microenvironment of HCC has significant immunosuppressive elements that may impact response to immunotherapy. Major unmet challenges include defining the role of immunotherapy in earlier stages of HCC, evaluating combinatorial strategies that employ targeting of the immune microenvironment plus immune checkpoint inhibition, and identifying treatment strategies for patients who do not respond to the currently available immunotherapies. Herein, we review the rationale, mechanistic basis and supporting preclinical evidence, and available clinical evidence for immunotherapies in HCC as well as ongoing clinical trials of immunotherapy. |
Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids regulates group 3 innate lymphoid cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. These findings suggested that modifying bacteria, changing SCFAs, reducing IL17A-producing ILC3s infiltration and combining with immune checkpoint inhibitors will contribute to the clinical treatment of HCC. |
The Risk of Variceal Hemorrhage and Pre-Transplant Mortality in Children with Biliary Atresia. Transplant-free survival at 5 years was 45.1% (40.5-49.6%) in PROBE and 79.2% (74.1-83.4%) in BASIC. Two (2.5%) of 80 participants who had VH died, while 10 (12.5%) underwent transplant within six weeks of VH. The low risk of VH and associated mortality in children with BA needs to be considered in decisions related to screening for varices and primary prophylaxis of VH. |
| Inflamm Bowel Dis |
A Practical Index to Distinguish Backwash Ileitis From Crohn's Terminal Ileitis in MR Enterography. Magnetic resonance enterography features of ICV and TI can accurately differentiate BWI from CTI. Two practical indices introduced in this study showed high specificity to distinguish BWI from CTI. |
Comparing Effectiveness of a Generic Oral Nutritional Supplement With Specialized Formula in the Treatment of Active Pediatric Crohn's Disease. The generic oral nutritional supplement and specialized formulas both had similar clinical effectiveness in induction of remission in pediatric CD. However, there is considerable cost-saving when using a generic oral nutritional supplement. |
Eicosatetraynoic Acid and Butyrate Regulate Human Intestinal Organoid Mitochondrial and Extracellular Matrix Pathways Implicated in Crohn's Disease Strictures. ETYA regulates ECM genes implicated in strictures and suppresses collagen content and tissue stiffness in an HIO model. HIOs provide a platform to test personalized therapeutics, including small molecules prioritized by perturbagen analysis. |
Role of Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The implicated factors seem to affect mitochondrial function or are influenced by mitochondrial dysfunction, which explains many of the hallmarks of the disease. This review summarizes the results of studies reporting links between mitochondria and IBD that were available on PubMed through March 2021. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the current understanding of the role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of IBD. |
Secondary Indicators for an Evaluation and Guidance System for Quality of Care in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centers: A Critical Review of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Quality of Care Center. The certification of excellence of the IBD units is currently undergoing auditing. The awareness of and appreciation for QoC in IBD is increasing in China, especially through the quality control evaluation program initiated by the IBDQCC, with a higher number of IBD units applying for the next round of certification. Although secondary indicators seem to play relatively minor roles in QoC, they suggest additional requirements for high level centers. |
Ustekinumab and Vedolizumab Are Not Associated With Subsequent Cancer in IBD Patients with Prior Malignancy. Exposure to ustekinumab or vedolizumab in patients with IBD and a prior history of cancer does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of subsequent new or recurrent cancer. |
| J Hepatol |
Deleting the ß-catenin degradation domain in mouse hepatocytes drives hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoblastoma-like tumor growth. Apc fs-ex15 and ßcat |
Development and validation of a model to predict incident chronic liver disease in the general population: the CLivD score. Liver disease often progresses silently without symptoms and thus the diagnosis is often delayed until severe complications occur and prognosis becomes poor. In order to identify individuals in the general population who have high risk of developing severe liver disease in the future, we developed and validated a Chronic liver disease (CLivD) risk prediction score, based on age, sex, alcohol use, waist-hip ratio, diabetes, smoking, with or without gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). The CLivD score can be used as part of health counseling, and for planning further liver investigations and follow-up. |
Hepatic recruitment of eosinophils and their protective function during acute liver injury. This is the first study to demonstrate that hepatic recruitment of and protection by eosinophils occur commonly in various models of acute liver injury. The data further provide insights into the mechanism of hepatic eosinophil recruitment. The findings support further exploration of eosinophils as a therapeutic target to treat APAP-induced acute liver injury. |
Performance of routine risk scores for predicting cirrhosis-related morbidity in the community. Thus, in a community cohort, we assessed the performance of 20 routine risk scores for predicting 10-year risk of a cirrhosis complication event. We show that two routine risk scores in particular - "APRI" and "FIB4" - could be repurposed to estimate an individual's 10-year risk of cirrhosis morbidity. Adding genetic risk factor information to these scores improved performance only modestly. |
| Neurogastroenterol Motil |
Autoantigen characterization in the lower esophageal sphincter muscle of patients with achalasia. Tissue-specific ectopic expression of GAD65 and PNMA/Ta2 and active MMP-9, associated with the presence of specific autoantibodies directed against these proteins, might participate in the pathophysiology of achalasia triggering and/or perpetuating autoimmune disease. |
Transvaginal rectocoele repair for the surgical treatment of a "symptomatic" rectocoele when conservative measures fail: A 12 year experience of 215 patients. The data suggest that TVRR might be a valid option in patients with rectocoele when conservative treatment has failed. Overall patient satisfaction is good, with improvement of ODS symptoms. |
Plenty of the editorials are available as full text through the publisher website using the provided link
| Aliment Pharmacol Ther |
Review article: Role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity and diabetes-what hepatologists need to know. These studies support the use of GLP-1RAs for the improvement of underlying metabolic dysfunction observed in NASH and suggest further long-term phase III trials are warranted. |
| Gastroenterology |
NAFLD and the Gut-Liver Axis: Exploring an Undernutrition Perspective. Here, we present undernutrition conditions with fatty liver features, including kwashiorkor and micronutrient deficiency (MND). We then review the gut microbiota-liver axis, highlighting key pathways linked to NAFLD progression within both overnutrition and undernutrition. To conclude, we identify challenges and collaborative possibilities of emerging multiomic research addressing the pathology and treatment of undernourished NAFLD. |
| Hepatology |
| J Hepatol |
Immunological Biomarker Discovery in Cure Regimens for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. This paper will discuss the importance of sample collection, the assays available for immunological analyses, their advantages/disadvantages and suggestions for their implementation in clinical trials. Careful consideration must be given to ensure appropriate immunological studies are included as a primary component of the trial with deeper immunological analysis provided by ancillary studies. Standardizing immunological assays and data obtained from clinical trials will identify biomarkers that can be deployed in the clinic, independent of specialized immunology laboratories. |
| Neurogastroenterol Motil |
Direct and indirect mechanisms by which the gut microbiota influence host serotonin systems. Direct actions of gut microbes, evidenced by studies using germ-free animals or antibiotic administration, alter the expression of key 5-HT-related genes to promote 5-HT biosynthesis. Indirectly, the gut microbiota produce numerous microbial metabolites, whose actions can influence host serotonergic systems in a variety of ways. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding mechanisms by which gut bacteria act to regulate host 5-HT and 5-HT-mediated gut functions, as well as implications for 5-HT in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. |
Letters to the editors and authors’ replies
| Aliment Pharmacol Ther |
| Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol |
| Gut |
| Hepatology |
all remaining publications eg case reports, images of the month, etc…
| Aliment Pharmacol Ther |
| Am J Gastroenterol |
| Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol |
| Endoscopy |
| Gastroenterology |
| Gastrointest Endosc |
| Gut |
| Inflamm Bowel Dis |
| J Crohns Colitis |